in-class+5


 * Lesson 5: In Class Assignment - New Urbanism**


 * 1. List the 10 principles of new urbanism- cut and paste if you like, but have on hand as part of your notes:**

1. Walkability - Most things within a 10-minute walk of home and work - Pedestrian friendly street design (buildings close to street; porches, windows & doors; tree-lined streets; on street parking; hidden parking lots; garages in rear lane; narrow, slow speed streets) - Pedestrian streets free of cars in special cases

2. Connectivity - Interconnected street grid network disperses traffic & eases walking - A hierarchy of narrow streets, boulevards, and alleys - High quality pedestrian network and public realm makes walking pleasurable

3. Mixed-Use & Diversity - A mix of shops, offices, apartments, and homes on site. Mixed-use within neighborhoods, within blocks, and within buildings - Diversity of people - of ages, classes, cultures, and races

4. Mixed Housing A range of types, sizes and prices in closer proximity

5. Quality Architecture & Urban Design Emphasis on beauty, aesthetics, human comfort, and creating a sense of place; Special placement of civic uses and sites within community. Human scale architecture & beautiful surroundings nourish the human spirit

6. Traditional Neighborhood Structure - Discernable center and edge - Public space at center - Importance of quality public realm; public open space designed as civic art - Contains a range of uses and densities within 10-minute walk - Transect planning: Highest densities at town center; progressively less dense towards the edge. This urban-to-rural transect hierarchy has appropriate building and street types for each area along the continuum.

7. Increased Density - More buildings, residences, shops, and services closer together for ease of walking, to enable a more efficient use of services and resources, and to create a more convenient, enjoyable place to live. - New Urbanism design principles are applied at the full range of densities from small towns, to large cities

8. Smart Transportation - A network of high-quality trains connecting cities, towns, and neighborhoods together - Pedestrian-friendly design that encourages a greater use of bicycles, rollerblades, scooters, and walking as daily transportation

9. Sustainability - Minimal environmental impact of development and its operations - Eco-friendly technologies, respect for ecology and value of natural systems - Energy efficiency - Less use of finite fuels - More local production - More walking, less driving

10. Quality of Life - Taken together these add up to a high quality of life well worth living, and create places that enrich, uplift, and inspire the human spirit.


 * 2. Describe why "The sum of human happiness increases because of New Urbanism" -Andres Duany**


 * 3. List six Geos zero energy strategies for zero-energy housing units.**
 * 1) Make compact housings. Geo homes range from 750 square feet to 2,400 square feet. Town houses or multi-family building increases energy efficiency.
 * 2) High performance shell - Innovate the building enclosure through automated interior insulated shades. Shades will allow solar heat into the house during the day and it will keep the heat in the house at night.
 * 3) Geo-Assisted Energy Recovery Ventilation System. Uses geothermal energy to heat or cool (depending on the season) the majority if nights. It refers to extracting energy from the Earth's underground as a way to moderate the temperature in the outside.
 * 4) Geothermal Domestic hot water and space heating
 * 5) Passive Solar - units will take advantage of both active and passive solar energy.
 * 6) Solar Photovoltaic - The panels will be distributed on the community’s rooftops, but energy from the units with better solar access will even out those with more limited solar access.


 * 4. Describe how the automobile has transformed the American (and Canadian) city. (2 paragraphs)**


 * 5. Describe the three- or four-stage transportation chronology for the American city mapped out by historians.**

1st stage: Walking city (pre-1880) - Marked by compact cities and towns - Streets were narrowed and unpaved - Many cities and towns had large central square and open markets which served to buy and sell goods and also as a meeting place. - Few means of transportation (Mainly consisted in walking and horseback).

2nd stage: Streetcar city (1880-1920) - Industrialization increased migration into the city - Middle and Upper class fled into the suburbs, while the working class remained in the cities. - Low-fare electric streetcars were introduced. They replaced the slower means of transportation found in the walking city. - Increase in population growth led to a high demand for public and private services.

3rd stage: Automobile city (post-1920) - Arose after WW1 - Long distance communications along with the automobile contributed to the changes that took place within this time frame.

4th stage: “freeway” period (post-1945) - Highways make up a high percentage of the total surface transportation network - Can accommodate great volumes of traffic - Superimpose the existing transportation grids within the city - Conflict between aesthetic and city image with the functioning and purpose of a freeway